Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is one of the safest medical imaging techniques available because it does not use ionising radiation (unlike X-rays or CT scans). However, because MRI machines use extremely powerful magnets, they pose unique safety challenges. Before any MRI scan, you will complete a detailed safety questionnaire to ensure you can be scanned safely.
Why is metal a problem in an MRI?
The MRI scanner's magnetic field is always on and is strong enough to pull heavy metallic objects across the room. More importantly for patients, the magnet can pull on ferromagnetic (iron-containing) implants inside the body, and the radio waves used during the scan can cause certain metallic implants to heat up.
Common implants that require special checks:
- Cardiac pacemakers and implantable defibrillators (ICDs)
- Cochlear (ear) implants
- Aneurysm clips in the brain
- Neurostimulators
- Programmable hydrocephalus shunts
- Some artificial heart valves
What about joint replacements and dental work?
Most orthopaedic implants (such as hip or knee replacements, plates, pins, and screws) are made of titanium or non-magnetic stainless steel. These are completely safe in an MRI scanner. However, they can cause "artefacts" (distortions) on the images if they are very close to the area being scanned. Dental fillings, braces, and implants are also safe, though braces may distort brain or facial scans.
Managing claustrophobia
Around 10% of patients experience claustrophobia in an MRI scanner. The tube (bore) is well-lit and open at both ends, but it is a confined space. If you are anxious, tell the radiographer. They can provide eye masks, headphones with music, and a panic button so you are always in control. Some centres also offer "wide-bore" scanners which provide significantly more headroom.